Spark plug failure — common causes
4 most common causes of spark plug failure
Improper torque is the #1 cause of spark plug failure
NGK reports that over 90% of all early spark plug failures can be traced to improper spark plug torque during installation. I bet you’ve never used a torque wrench to install spark plugs. Even in the days before aluminum cylinder heads DIYers and professional technicians never used a torque wrench when installing spark plugs. But just because they installed and fired up doesn’t mean it wasn’t the cause of their eventual failure. Here’s why.
Excessive torque damages the spark plug seal
Spark plugs consist of a hollow threaded shell and a porcelain insert. When you tighten a spark plug too much, you distort the shell and break
the shell-to-porcelain gas seal or cause a hairline fracture that results in misfires. In fact, spark plug manufacturer NGK says that improper torque is responsible for 90% of spark plug warranty claims. Bad plug? Yeah, you probably caused it yourself.
If you don’t clean around the spark plug wells before removing the old spark plugs, the dirt and grit can fall into the combustion chamber or lodge on the seat or threads. That dirt can cause improper tightening even if you use a torque wrench.
Don’t use anti-seize on new spark plugs
Yes, I realize you’ve been taught to use it. But that advice is OBSOLETE. Read this post about the change in spark plug installation techniques. Most new spark plug threads are
treated with a metallic zinc or nickel anti-seize coating AT THE FACTORY. The coating prevents thread galling during installation and prevents seizing in the cylinder head. Adding anti-seize only throws off your torque calculations, causing you to over-torque.
Tightening a spark plug by hand without a torque wrench is just plain crazy
If you under-tighten a spark plug, it won’t seat properly, causing combustion gasses to leak out. It also won’t’ make full contact with the cylinder head, which means it can’t properly dissipate heat. That results in pre-ignition and detonation and possible engine damage. Under tightening can also cause the spark plug can eventually blow right out of the cylinder head, taking the cylinder head threads with it. In addition to breaking the shell to porcelain seal, overtightening can distort the cylinder head threads or even rip them out.
What’s the proper torque specification?
The proper torque depends on the type of spark plug seat, whether tapered or washer, the cylinder head material and the spark plug thread diameter. Refer to the shop manual or spark plug manufacturer’s website for the proper torque.
Improper electrode material metal is the 2nd most common cause of early spark plug failure
Carmakers know their engines and when they recommend platinum, double platinum, yttrium or iridium spark plug, they mean it. You should never downgrade spark plugs to save money. The spark plug will fail early.
The wrong spark plug gap is the 3rd most common cause of spark plug failure
Many plugs come pre-gapped. But that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t check the gap with your gauge. If the gap is too large for your engine, close the gap to spec. Excessive gap stresses the ignition coils and causes fire-through damage to boots and plug wires.
The wrong heat range is the 4th most common cause of early spark plug failure
Again, the carmaker knows their engines better than you. Use the recommended heat range for the longest spark plug life, best engine performance, and best gas mileage.
©, 2017 Rick Muscoplat
Posted on by Rick Muscoplat